Uglješa S. Janković
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT OF PWD: A CASE STUDY OF BOKA KOTORSKA (MONTENEGRO)
This paper presents an overview of a research study on the position of persons with disabilities (PWD) in the labour market of the Boka Kotorska region, in the municipalities of Tivat, Kotor and Herceg Novi. This original research study is based on an analysis of the perception and attitudes of PWD regarding their position in the labour market. The study looks into the attitudes of PWD towards: education, employment, motivation to engage in employment, and the challenges they face in seeking employment in the region of Boka Kotorska. Simultaneously, it tested the impact of the different forms and types of disability, as well as age on potential employment. Data on unemployment of PWD in Boka Kotorska, combined with the activities and capacities of employers in the area of employment of PWD were analysed. The research findings indicate certain internal and external barriers in the labour market. PWD mostly face the following problems: difficulties with obtaining employment, lack of recognition of their potential, prejudice on behalf of employers regarding their skills and capacities, early abandonment of education, and physical barriers. A certain number of PWD faces limitations primarily related to low levels of motivation to: engage in employment, actively seek employment, engage in professional rehabilitation programmes, advance in education, self-employ. However, a majority of PWD wish to engage in some form of employment, in areas that are adapted to their capacities, and with modified working hours.
DECENTRALIZACIJA SISTEMA SOCIJALNE ZAŠTITE CRNE GORE
U Crnoj Gori, poput većine države iz regiona Jugoistočne Evrope, država se pojavljuje kao ključni akter u djelatnosti iz oblasti socijalne zaštite. Najveći teret obaveza u finansijskom, logističkom, tehničkom i svakom drugom vidu usmjeren je na centralizovane organe vlasti. Reformom sistema u periodu od 2008. do 2012. godine težilo se nalaženju novih načina funkcionisanja socijalne zaštite, kojima bi se poboljšali kvalitet usluga i obezbijedio kvalitetniji obuhvat korisnika različitim socijalnim prestacijama. Iskustvo isključivog oslanjanja na državna sredstva do sada se pokazalo kao prilično neefikasno i destimulativno. Neefikasno, jer obim i sadržina pomoći najčešće nisu dovoljni da zadovolje ugrožene potrebe korisnika. Destimulativno iz razloga što se u dosadašnjoj praksi pokazalao da ne pruža adekvatne podsticaje pojedincu, niti stimuliše (preostale) stvaralačke potencijale čovjeka. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da preispita procese decentralizacije socijalne zaštite u Crnoj Gori i pruži osvrt na potencijalne negativne konsekvence.