УТИЦАЈ САУДИЈСКЕ КОАЛИЦИЈЕ НА НАЦИОНАЛНУ БЕЗБЕДНОСТ ЈЕМЕНА
Сажетак
У раду се анализира улога Саудијске Арабије у рату у Јемену, кроз формирање Саудијске коалиције. Истражен је мотив уплитања Саудијске Арабије у грађански рат у Јемену, са крајњим циљем идентификовања исхода интервенционистичких активности Саудијске коалиције на терену, као и негативних промена у политичкој и безбедносној ситуацији те земље. Анализом садржаја, приказани су ставови унутрашњих актера у Јемену – међународно признате владе, етносепаратистичког Јужног транзиционог савета и побуњеничке групе Хута – о утицају Саудијске Арабије на јеменску политику. Резултати истраживања указују да су, иако је Саудијска Арабија интервенцију у Јемену правдала потребом да потпомогне очување националног интегритета и суверенитета Јемена ради стабилизације стања на терену и консолидације мира, активности коалиције изазвале супротно. Од првобитне идеје гашења активности побуњеника у земљи, припадници коалиције довели су до цепања земље на два дела, и додатног јачања трећег, етносепаратистичког фактора на терену.
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Др Марија Ђорић