POLITIKA PROŠIRENJA EVROPSKE UNIJE U POTRAZI ZA REFORMOM

Maja Kovačević

Sažetak

Zasedanje Evropskog saveta u oktobru 2019. godine na kojem nije postignuta saglasnost zemalja članica o otvaranju pristupnih pregovora sa Albanijom i Severnom Makedonijom je vratilo politiku proširenja Evropske unije (EU) u žižu medijske i političke pažnje i ogolilo razmere krize politike proširenja EU na Zapadni Balkan. Na insistiranje pojedinih zemalja članica, predvođenih Francuskom, Evropska komisija je u februaru 2020. godine predložila izmene metodologije pristupanja. Cilj ovog rada je da kritički razmotri kako politiku proširenja EU na Zapadni Balkan, tako i novu metodologiju. U istraživanju je korišćen model spoljnih podsticaja Frank Šimelfeniga (Frank Schimmelfennig) i Ulrih Sedelmajera (Ulrich Sedelmeier), koji je razvijen kako bi se analizirala evropeizacija zemalja Centralne i Istočne Evrope putem uslovljavanja koje je EU vršila u procesu pristupanja. Primena ovog modela na politiku proširenja na Zapadnom Balkanu pokazuje da najveći problem aktuelne politike nije u metodologiji pristupanja, već u nekredibilnom uslovljavanju koje je EU u poslednjih dvadeset godina primenjivala u odnosu na potencijalne članice iz ovog regiona. U radu se dokazuje teza da su zemlje članice EU i do sada imale na raspolaganju mehanizme kojima su mogle da odlučnije primenjuju uslovljavanje u odnosu na zemlje Zapadnog Balkana, ali to nisu činile. Stoga uzroke problema politike proširenja treba tražiti u odsustvu strateškog pristupa prema Zapadnom Balkanu zbog krize u samoj EU i zamora od proširenja, te se može zaključiti da reforma ima za cilj da utre put budućem diferenciranom članstvu u EU.

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